About Semaglutide

Mechanism of Action: Semaglutide is a long-acting glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonist that enhances glucose-dependent insulin secretion, suppresses glucagon, slows gastric emptying, and reduces appetite.

Indications & Off-Label Uses: FDA-approved for type 2 diabetes mellitus and chronic weight management. Off-label uses include metabolic optimization, body composition improvement, and experimental use for obesity-related cardiometabolic health in non-diabetic patients. Evidence for these off-label uses is limited.

FDA Status: Approved for type 2 diabetes and weight management; other uses are off-label.

Clinical Evidence: Large randomized trials demonstrate significant reductions in HbA1c, body weight, and cardiometabolic risk factors in patients with diabetes or obesity. Evidence for use in healthy or non-diabetic populations is limited.

Safety & Monitoring: Common adverse effects include nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, constipation, and abdominal discomfort. Rare but serious risks include pancreatitis, gallbladder disease, and potential thyroid C-cell tumors (animal studies). Monitoring of glycemic control, gastrointestinal symptoms, and overall metabolic parameters is recommended.